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          <dc:title xml:lang="ja">米国都市内分権におけるネイバーフッドカウンシルのダイナミクス：タコマ市のネイバーフッドカウンシル調査を基に</dc:title>
          <dc:title xml:lang="en">Dynamics for Neighborhood Councils in US. Cities. : based on a test case with Tacoma's Neighborhood Council Program</dc:title>
          <jpcoar:creator>
            <jpcoar:creatorName xml:lang="ja">前山, 総一郎</jpcoar:creatorName>
            <jpcoar:creatorName xml:lang="ja-Kana">マエヤマ, ソウイチロウ</jpcoar:creatorName>
            <jpcoar:creatorName xml:lang="en">MAEYAMA, Soichiro</jpcoar:creatorName>
          </jpcoar:creator>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="ja" subjectScheme="Other">ネイバーフッドカウンシル</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="ja" subjectScheme="Other">まちづくり協議会</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="ja" subjectScheme="Other">タコマ市（ワシントン州）</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="ja" subjectScheme="Other">ホームレス</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="ja" subjectScheme="Other">社会・政治制度としてのダイナミクス</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="en" subjectScheme="Other">Neighborhood Council</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="en" subjectScheme="Other">Machizukuri Kyogikai</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="en" subjectScheme="Other">Tacoma (Washington State)</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="en" subjectScheme="Other">homeless</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="en" subjectScheme="Other">dynamics as socio-political-social institution</jpcoar:subject>
          <datacite:description descriptionType="Other">application/pdf</datacite:description>
          <datacite:description xml:lang="ja" descriptionType="Abstract">本稿は，従来の米国のネイバーフッドカウンシルについての民主制論（M.Berryら）を超えての実際的は把握を目指し，都市サービス供給システム論の視点を踏まえたうえで，さらに政策形成・対応とのかかわりに着目し，ネイバーフッドカウンシルをとりまくダイナミクスを捉えようとした．
本稿は，タコマ市（ワシントン州）をテストケースとして検討した．そして，（１）市側のネイバーフッドカウンシルに対する姿勢の変化（「市事業へのアドバイス的役割での参加」から「市民参加と公平」への設置趣旨の変更（市の戦略計画からの要請）と，それに基づいての各ネイバーフッドカウンシルに対する一定の義務付けが起こってきていることを，タコマ市「自治体法規」「ネイバーフッドカウンシル基準とガイドライン」文書の検討から検討した． （２）ネイバーフッドカウンシルについては，上記の変化があるなかでも，市自治体との場として保証された連携，市議会議員にたいする「勧告」の制度的保証は，調査時点現在で確保されており，ネイバーフッドカウンシルの機能として，実際には，1992年以来ネイバーフッドカウンシルで実施されてきたことの権能はそのまま維持されてきていることが捉えられた． （３）そして，このようなダイナミクスが，現在，ホームレスの急増という地域の社会問題に対して，住民サイドからの制度的動きを保証し，かつ流動化・分散化に対する一定の「防波堤」としての役割を果た上での制度環境が保持されていることが捉えられた．</datacite:description>
          <datacite:description xml:lang="en" descriptionType="Abstract">This article aims at grasping the dynamics that are formed around Neighborhood Councils , from the view point of Urban Service Delivery System as well as the impact on policy making. (We are trying to overcome the weak point of Democracy Approach (such as J.M.Berry et al.)).
Tacoma city (Washington state) is set as the test case in this article. As a result of the research , (1) We recognized the shift change in the City Government , that aims at shift-change on Neighborhood Councils from "participation to City Government's decision making as on advisory role" to "equity" maker or watcher. And the city government actually put Equity Training to Neighborhood Councils as a requisition to the funding. Revised "Tacoma Municipal Code" as well as new "Neighborhood Council Standards and Guideline" are examined. (2)By way of interview research , examinating "meeting agendas , "meeting minutes" for 3 years, we realized Neighborhood Council itself keeps ① institutional place that provides with communizaton with divisions of the City (such as City Manager Office), ②"letter" function to City Council members (advocacy) has been kept institutionally. That function has not disappeared and not changed since the generation of Tacoma Neighborhood Council Program (1992). (3) With those functions this dynamics exercise the effect against social issues such as impact of homelessness' increase in the ares, as a "bulwark" against fluxing and fragmentation of the areas/ localities.</datacite:description>
          <dc:publisher xml:lang="ja">福山市立大学都市経営学部</dc:publisher>
          <datacite:date dateType="Issued">2020-02-07</datacite:date>
          <dc:language>jpn</dc:language>
          <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501">departmental bulletin paper</dc:type>
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          <jpcoar:identifier identifierType="DOI">https://doi.org/10.15096/UrbanManagement.1207</jpcoar:identifier>
          <jpcoar:identifier identifierType="URI">https://fcu.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/220</jpcoar:identifier>
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          <jpcoar:sourceIdentifier identifierType="NCID">AA12564315</jpcoar:sourceIdentifier>
          <jpcoar:sourceIdentifier identifierType="PISSN">2186-862X</jpcoar:sourceIdentifier>
          <jpcoar:sourceTitle xml:lang="ja">都市経営 : 福山市立大学都市経営学部紀要</jpcoar:sourceTitle>
          <jpcoar:sourceTitle xml:lang="en">Urban Management : Bulletin of the Faculty of Urban Management, Fukuyama City University</jpcoar:sourceTitle>
          <jpcoar:volume>12</jpcoar:volume>
          <jpcoar:pageStart>83</jpcoar:pageStart>
          <jpcoar:pageEnd>97</jpcoar:pageEnd>
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            <datacite:date dateType="Available">2023-06-20</datacite:date>
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